CHRONOLOGY of the DUTCH POSSESSIONS in AFRICA 1600

MAURITANIA

Arguin: (20°36'N - 16°27'W)

1633 - 1 Sep. 1678

to France (1 Sep. 1678 - Sep. 1678)

abandoned (1678 - 1685)

to Brandenburg (5 Oct. 1685 - 9/10 Mar. 1721)

to France (10 Mar. 1721 - 11 Jan. 1722)

11 Jan. 1722 - 20 Feb. 1724

to France (20 Feb. 1724 - Mar. 1728)

Monod "L' Ile d'Arguin: essai historique"

SENEGAL

Portudal (Porto d'Ale, Ale, Ali, Portadallia, Thies): (14°26'N - 17°01'W)

factory

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Rufisque (Rufisco, Rio Fisco, Rio Fresco, Ru-fisco): (14°43'N - 17°16'W)

factory

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Joal: (14°11'N - 16°51'W)

factory

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Goeree Island (Goree Island): (14°39'N - 17°28'W) Fort Nassau, Fort Orange.

1617 or 1621 - 1663

to the English (1663 - 24 Oct. 1664)

24 Oct. 1664 - 1677

to the French

Brena - Pezzoli "Forti e castelli di tratta"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast 1580 - 1680" p. 379

SIERRA LEONE

Tasso Island: (circa 08°34'N - 13°05'W)

1664 destroyed by Admiral De Ruter

Brena - Pezzoli "Forti e castelli di tratta"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast 1580 - 1680" p. 379

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 45

LIBERIA

Cape Mount: circa (06°45'N - 11°22'W)

? fort -

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

GHANA

Cape Apollonia (Benyin): (English: Fort Apollonia)

1655 fortified factory -

16 factory - 16

1768 - 1868 by treaty to the Netherlands

1868 - 1872

to the English

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Norregard "Danish settlements in West Africa 1658-1850"

Abacqua (Duma or Egwira): (05°02'N - 02°12'W) (at the confluence of Ankobra and Duma rivers, where the Portuguese had built Fort Duma) Fort Ruychaver

Jul./Aug. 1654 - 1659

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740" p. 97

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)" p. 90

Mouth of Ankobra: (04°54'N - 02°16'W) Fort* Elise Carthago

1650 custom house -

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740" * the fort was never built, "Elise Carthago" was only a lodge.

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)"

Axim: (04°52'N - 02°15'W) Fort Santo Antonio

Feb. 1642 - 1664

to the English (1664 - 1665)

1665 - 1872

to the English

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Ch. R. Boxer "The Dutch in Brazil 1624-1657" Claredon Press 1957 Oxford.

J. Vogt "Portuguese rule on the Gold Coast 1469-1682" Univ. of Georgia Press 1979 Athens.

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)"

Poquefoe or Pokesu (Princess Town): (04°47'N - 02°08'W) Fort Hollandia (Gross (Groot) Friedrichsburg)

Brandenburg (1 January 1683-1720/1725)

1720-1725 John Couny

1725 fort - 1814/1815 abandoned

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Akwida: Fort Dorothea

Brandenburg (Apr. 1684 - 1687*)

1687* - 1698

Brandenburg (1698 - 1711)

1711 - 1712

Brandenburg (Apr. 1712 - 1718) abandoned

1732 - 1804 abandoned

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" (p.49 *1690) (P. 71 *1685)

Dixcove: (04°48'N - 01°57'W) Fort Metaal Kruis

1693 - 1868 by treaty to the Netherlands

1868 - 1872

to the English

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)"

Butri: Fort Batenstein

1650 fortified lodge -

1656* - 1665

to the English (1665 - 166 )

166 - 6 Apr. 1872

to the English

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p.46 p. 71 * 1598

Norregard "Danish settlements in West Africa 1658-1850"

Takoradi: (04°53'N - 01°45'W) Fort Witsen

1653 fortified lodge

1658 - Apr. 1659 abandoned

1665 dismantled and destroyed

to the English (166 -166 )

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast 1580 - 1680" p. 379

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p.53

Norregard "Danish settlements in West Africa 1658-1850"

Sekondi: (04°56'N - 01°43'W) (English Fort)

1645 - 1782

1782 - 1785

to the English (1785 -1820)

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)"

Sekondi: (04°56'N - 01°43'W) Fort Oranje

1640 or 1670/75 fort - 1872

to the English

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Shama: (05°00'N - 01°39'W) Fort San Sebastian

1637* - 1664

to the English (1664)

1664 - 1872

to the English

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa"

J. Vogt "Portuguese rule on the Gold Coast 1469-1682"

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)" p. 87.

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p.46 * 1640

Komenda: Fort Komenda (English Fort)

1663 factory, 1686 fort - 1816 abandoned (1868 by treaty to the Netherlands)

1868 - 1872

to the English

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)" p. 87.

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa"

Komenda: Fort Vredenburgh

1688 fort - 1782

to the English (1782 - 1785)

1785 - 1872 (abandoned 1804)

to the English

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)" p. 87.

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p.49

Elmina: (05°05'N - 01°21'W) Fort Elmina, Fort Conraadsburg or St. Jago, Fort de Veer (1810/1811), Fort Naglas (1828), Fort Java (1828), Fort Scomarus (1828), Fort Batenstein (1828).

28/9 Aug. 1637 - 6 Apr. 1872

to the English

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Ch. R. Boxer "The Dutch in Brazil 1624-1657" Claredon Press 1957 Oxford.

J. Vogt "Portuguese rule on the Gold Coast 1469-1682" Univ. of Georgia Press 1979 Athens.

I. Ephson "Ancient forts and castles of the Gold Coast (Ghana)" p. 32, 36, 86.

Cape Coast, Cabo Corço or Oguaa (Swedish name: Carolusborg or Carlsborg): (05°06'N - 01°15'W)

About this castle the data are not coincided.

Portuguese, English and Dutch had trading lodges in Cape Coast, but when the Swedish arrived they were unoccupied.

Apr. 1650 fort Carolusborg - Jan./Feb. 1658

Jan./Feb. 1658 - 16 Apr. 1659

16 Apr. 1659- May 1659

#Fetu occupation# May 1659 - 10 Dec. 1660

10 Dec. 1660 - 22 Apr. 1663

22 Apr. 1663 - 3 May 1664

3 May 1664 - 1957

According to Norregard "Danish settlements in West Africa 1658-1850"

1638 factory - ? abandoned

the Swedes built the fort 1657

#Swedish occupation# (1657-1658)

#Danish occupation# (1658- Apr. 1659)

Apr. 1659-1659

#Fetu occupation# (1659 - 10 Dec. 1660)

#Swedish occupation# (10 Dec. 1660 - 1660)

#Danish occupation# (1660-1663)

#Fetu occupation# (1663-1663)

1663-1664

#English occupation# (1664-1957)

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London. p. 198

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Cong (Cong Height): (05°06'N - 01°14'W)

- 1659 abandoned

to the Danes (1659 - 24 Apr. 1661)

destroyed by the Dutch

Norregard "Danish settlements in West Africa 1658-1850" p. 24

Mouri: Fort Nassau (1624)

1598 or 1611/12 - 1664

to the English (1664 - 1665)

1665 - 1782

to the English (1782 - 1785)

1785 - 1867 (abandoned in 1816) (1867 by treaty to the English)

to the English

Brena - Pezzoli "Forti e castelli di tratta"

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London. p. 198

Cormantin (Abanzee, Abandzi, Cormantijn, Kormantin, Kormantine, Cormantin): Fort Amsterdam (1665)

1631 - 1638 abandoned

1645 - 1665

1665 - 1721

to the English (1782 - 1785

1785 - 1867 (abandoned in 1811/1816) (1867 by treaty to the English)

to the English

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast 1580 - 1680"

Anomabu:

1640 lodge -

1652 lodge - 1658

1658 lodge -

lodge

166 ? lodge -

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London. p. 198

Norregard "Danish settlements in West Africa 1658-1850"

Egya (Aggia, Agga, Aga): Fort Goede Hoop

1647 factory - ?

to the English (1663)

1663 - 1664

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Apam: circa (05°18'N - 00°43'W) Fort Leydsaemheyt or Lijdzaamheid (Patience)

1697/1698 - 1782

to the English (1782 -1785)

1785 - 1868 (abandoned 1811) (1867 by treaty to the English)

to the English

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Senya Beraku: circa (05°26'N - 00°28'W) Fort Goede Hoop

1667 or 1705/06 fort - 1782

to the English (1782 - 1785)

1785 - 1867/68 (abandoned 1816) (1867 by treaty to the English)

to the English

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

A. W. Lawrence "Trade castles and forts of West Africa" Jonathan Cape 1963 London.

Ussher Town (Accra): (05°33'N - 00°12'W) Fort Crêvecoeur

1649 - 1782

to the English (1782 - 1786)

1786 - 1867 or 1868 (1867 by treaty to the English)

to the English

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Kpone: (05°41'N - 00°04'E)

1697 factory - Apr. 1700

1706 factory -

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Keta: (05°55'N - 00°59'E) Fort Singelenburgh

fort - 1737

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Kumase: (06°41'N - 01°37'W)

agency 1837-1842 1848-1853 1859-1869

TOGO

Petit Popo or Klein Popo (Anecho or Aneho): (06°13'N - 01°35'E)

1731 factory - 1760

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 71

BENIN

Great Popo: (06°15'N - 01°44'E)

1680 -

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815" p. 97

Ouidah (Fida, Whydah, Juda, Hueda): (06°21'N - 02°05'E)

1670s. or 1687 lodge, fort ? - ?

1702 - 1724 or 1726 abandoned

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Jaquim or Jakri (Godomey): (06°23'N - 02°21'E) Fort Zelandia

1726 fort - 1734

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 71

Offra: circa (06°23'N - 02°21'E)

1675 factory - 1691

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 71

Appa or Ekpé: circa (06°27'N - 02°37'E)

1732 lodge - 1736 abandoned

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Savi (Sabee, Xavier, Savy, Savi): (06°25'N - 02°06'E)

factory

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Allada or Ardra: (06°39'N - 02°09'E)

factory

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

NIGERIA

Agathon (Agathon, Aggathon):

Benin: (06°20'N - 05°38'E)

1705 - 1736

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 71

Badagri (Pattackerie): (06°25'N - 02°54'E)

1737 - 1748

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Van Dantzig "Les Hollandais sur la cote de Guinee 1680-1740"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 71

Epe: (06°35'N - 03°59'E)

1732 - 1755

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680 - 1791" p. 71

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Annobon: (01°24'S - 05°37'E)

1641 - 164

to Portugal

1665 - 16

to Portugal

Postma "The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade 1600-1815"

Goslinga "The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast 1580 - 1680"

Corisco Island

GABON

Mayumba (Majombo, Maiombo)

Kaapstad or De Kaap (Cape Town): (33°55'S - 18°26'E) Fort Sand (1647), Fort (wooden fort) (1652), Redoubt Kijckuit (1652), Redoubt Duinhoop (1652), Fort Goede Hoop (1666).

Buffeljagsrivier [Buffeljagds Rivier, Buffeljagtrivier, Buffeljagts Rievier:

Riviersonderend (Revier Sonder Eind, Revier sonder End, Revier Sonder Endt):

Saldanha (Saldanhabaaij, Saldanhabaij, Saldanhabay, Saldanhabhaij, Saldanhaijbai):

Fort Frederik Hendrik (Vieux Grand Port Bay: Zuidoosterhaven, Oosterhaven): (20°23'S - 57°43'E) Fort Frederik Hendrik, there were also Dutch settlements in Flacq, Black River and Port Louis.