Argentina (República Argentina) is a federal presidential republic, situated between the Tropic of Capricorn and 55° latitude south, it extends in the north-south direction for about 3,700 km in the southern part of South America, is washed to the south-east by Atlantic Ocean, it borders to the west with Chile, to the north with Bolivia and Paraguay, to the north-east with Paraguay and Brazil, to the east with Uruguay. Argentine capital, Buenos Aires, is one of largest South American metropolis and the seat of one of the largest ports on the continent, it's located on the banks of the Rio de la Plata. In addition to the capital, other important cities of the country are Córdoba, Rosario, Santa Fe, La Plata, Mar del Plata, San Miguel de Tucumán, Salta and Mendoza.

The territory of Argentina, is rich in high mountains in the area along the western border with Chile, where lies the cordillera of the Andes, while in the eastern side the territory is formed by vast plains and to the south lies some rocky plateaus. The northern Andean cordillera is characterized by a vast desert plateau, La Puna, with average heights of 3,500 meters, in this area the highest mountain is the Llullaillaco volcano (6,739 metres). To the south of the platau the Andean chain rises to the peaks of volcanoes Ojos del Salado (6,891 metres), Nevado Tres Cruces (6,749 meters) and Incahuasi (6,621 metres), and Cerro Bonete (6,759 metres). The central part of the Cordillera has the highest peaks in the country, including Aconcagua (6,962 m), the highest mountain in Argentina, as well as the highest in the whole South America. Other impressive mountains around Aconcagua are Mount Pissis (6,793 metres), Cerro Mercedario (6,720 meters) and Tupungato (6,570 metres). Continuing towards south, the peaks of the Andes have more modest heights as volcanoes Domuyo (4,709 meters) and Lanín (3,747 metres). The Patagonian Andes, covered with snow and glaciers, reaches the highest elevation with the Cerro Tronador (3,491 meters), in the region along the border between Argentina and Chile, are also spectacular peaks Cerro Torre (3,128 meters) and Cerro Chaltén or Mount Fitz Roy (3,375 metres). The eastern area of Argentina consists of a vast area mostly flat with hills not exceeding 600 metres in height. To the north lies the Gran Chaco region (Austral and Central Chaco), a vast flatland covered by a prairie spread of shrubs used mainly for the cultivation of cotton and livestock farming. In the north-east of the country, between Uruguay and Parana rivers, is the flat and marshy region of Mesopotamia argentina. To the south stretches for more than 1,600 km the Pampa, a vast expanse covered by flat steppe and shrubs, often cultivated cereal or used for grazing cattle. Patagonia, the rugged region located south of Pampa, consists of gravelly plateaus and semi arid steppe. Argentina is crossed by several major rivers, the most important is Paraná, which together with the Uruguay form the estuary of the Río de la Plata, the basin of the Río de la Plata-Paraná is, after the Amazon, the largest South America basin, occupying an area of 3,200,000 sq. km. The majestic Iguazú-Iguaçu waterfalls, one of the more interesting attractions in the country, is located in north-east of the country, along the border between Brazil and Argentina. Other major rivers are Rio Pilcomayo, Rio Paraguay, Rio Bermejo, Rio Colorado, Rio Negro and Rio Salado. There are numerous lakes, many of which are located in Patagonia, lakes Argentino, Viedma, Nahuel Huapi and Buenos Aires are renowned for their beautiful scenery. The lowest point of the country is the Laguna del Carbón, in Patagonia, at -105 meters below sea level, this is the lowest point of South America.

Regarding the economy, farming is one of the most important sectors of the Argentina economy, the country is one of the most important producers of the meat in the world, are breed mainly cattle and sheep, is also important the dairy industry. Very important is also agriculture, between cereals are intensely cultivated wheat, barley, corn, oats, rye and rice; other major agricultural products are flax seed and sunflower, cotton, sugar cane, peanuts, tomatoes, potatoes, citrus fruits (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruit), fruit (peaches, apples, bananas), wine, tobacco. Remarkable also forests and fisheries. Not too abundant on the other hand are mineral resources, except for oil and natural gas, whose production is increasing, are extract coal, iron, tin, lead, silver, gold. The industry is linked to the processing of food products, textiles and machinery.