The country is washed to the east by the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea and to the south-east by the South China Sea, to the north it borders with Mongolia and Russia, to the north-east with North Korea, to the south with Vietnam, Laos, Burma and India, to the south-west with Bhutan, Nepal and India, to the west with Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan to the north-west with Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Among the major cities of China, in addition to the capital Beijing, we find, Shanghai, the largest city in the country, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Harbin, Kunming, Tianjin, Wuhan, Lanzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang and Zhengzhou.

The Chinese territory is vast and varied geographically, more than 40% of the country consists of mountains and plateaus above the 2,000 meters. Vast flat areas extend in the eastern part of the country, where flows the most important rivers in China and where is concentrated also the majority of the population, these areas represent approximately 12% of the area of the country. 

WESTERN CHINA: Much of Western China territory is mountainous, in this part of the country rise up some of the highest mountain ranges of the world such as Himalayas, Tian Shan, Kunlun Shan, Karakoram, Pamir and Altaj, as well as extensive plateaus as Tibet. The North-West of the country is made up of vast desert and semi-desert areas like Junggar Pendi, enclosed between the mountain ranges Altaj to the north, exceeding 4,000 meters high, and the mountains of Tian Shan to the south, which rise up to 7,439 metres of Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy), which is located along the border with Kyrgyzstan, in the chain of Kokshal-Tau. To the east of Tian Shan mountains along the border with Mongolia, lies the famous Gobi desert. Further south, beyond the chain of Tian Shan, we find, at Urumchi, the deepest depression of the country, that of Turfan (-154 meters), then the Tarim basin, and one the most arid desert, the Takla Makan (270,000 sq km). To the south, the Takla Makan desert, is closed by the imposing Kunlun Shan mountains that extend from east to west for more than 3,000 km and at various points exceed 7,000 meters. To the west along the border with Tajikistan and Afghanistan, the Kunlun Shan meet with the Pamir mountains, here in Chinese territory are the peaks of Kongur Tagh (7,649 meters) and Muztagh Ata (7,546 metres). To the south of the great chain of Kunlun Shan is the immense Tibet Plateau (2,500,000 sq. km), which has an average altitude between 4,500 and 4,900 metres, the plateau is crossed by numerous chains and closed southward from Himalaya, northwards from the Kunlun Shan and the Qilian Shan and to the west from Pamir and Karakoram. The Tibet Plateau is the source of major rivers of South-East Asia and the Indian peninsula, as the Chang Jiang, Huang He, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Salween and Mekong. To the west of Tibet rise the peaks of the Karakoram mountain range while the south extends the Himalaya chain, are these two, the highest mountain ranges on the planet. Within the borders of China there are nine of the fourteen mountains of the planet that exceed 8,000 meters, among them, along the border with Nepal, the highest mountain on Earth, Mount Everest (Himalayas, Nepal-China, 8,848 metres). The other peaks of China exceeding the 8,000 metres are: K2 (the second mountain on the planet, Karakoram, China-Pakistan, 8,611 m), Lhotse (fourth mountain on the planet, Himalayas, Nepal-China, 8,516 meters), Makalu (fifth mountain on the planet, Himalayas, Nepal-China, 8,485 (8,462) meters), Cho Oyu (sixth mountain on the planet, Himalayas, Nepal-China, 8,188 (8,201) metres), Gasherbrum I (K5, eleventh mountain on the planet, Karakoram, China-Pakistan, 8,080 meters), Faichan Kangri (K3 or Broad Peak, the twelfth mountain on the planet, Karakoram, China-Pakistan, 8,047 metres), Gasherbrum II (K4 , the thirteenth mountain on the planet, Karakoram, China-Pakistan, 8,035 meters), and Shishapangma (fourteenth mountain on the planet, the Himalayas, China, 8,013 meters). 

EASTERN CHINA: Eastern China is the most densely populated area of the country, this area is characterized by large flowing plains where flow the most important Chinese rivers: the Chang Jiang (Yangtze Kiang), the Huang He (Huang Ho, Yellow River ), and the Zhu Jiang (Pearl River). In the north-east extends the vast fertile plains of Manchuria, surrounded by hills and mountains rich in forests, to the south-west, along the border with Mongolia, lies the Inner Mongolia region, a semi-desert plateau alternating with steppe. To the south lies the Loess Plateau, where flows the Huang He (Huang Ho, Yellow River) river, to the south near the coast, lies the Chinese flatland, intensely cultivated, this is the largest flat area of the country, bounded on the south by the fertile valley of the river Chang Jiang (Yangtze Kiang). Towards the west is the hilly area of Sichuan intensely populated and cultivated. The south of the country is made up of some highlands and mountain ranges, characterized by deep gorges and limestone formations, and then at the extreme south stretches the plain of the delta of the Zhu Jiang (Pearl River). The China has, along the Pacific Ocean, about 8,000 km of coastline to the north, along the Yellow Sea they are low and sandy, except for the mountain of Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas. The entire South-Central coast, which faces East China Sea and South China Sea, is, however, high and rocky, with many bays and islands. The largest Chinese island is Hainan Dao (33,920 sq km) located at the south of the country. 

The three major rivers of China, Chang Jiang (Yangtze Kiang), the Huang He (Huang Ho, Yellow River), and the Zhu Jiang (Pearl River), have their origin on Tibetan Plateau. The Chang Jiang (Yangtze Kiang), is the longest river in Asia (6,300 km long, 1,800,000 sq km of the basin) and the third-longest in the world after the Amazon and the Nile. The river originating from glaciers in Geladandong mountain, Tanggula (Dangla) chain, in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, it flows to west across the province of Qinghai, marking the border between Sichuan and Tibet, the river crosses the Yunnan and then, in Hubei Province, form the Three Gorges, an area of great scenic beauty. The river continues its path receiving waters of several lakes including Dongting lakes (2,820 sq km) and Poyang (the largest freshwater lake in China, 4,400 sq km) to reach the mouth in the East China Sea, just north of Shanghai. The Chang Jiang is the largest artery of communication between the sea and inland regions of China. The Huang He (Huang Ho, Yellow River), the second longest river Chinese (5,464 km long, 752,000 sq km of the basin), originating in the Kunlun mountains in the province of Qinghai, south of the Gobi Desert, in the northern part of China and flows in the Bo Hai Bay to the north of Shandong Peninsula. The waters of the river have a particular yellow color (hence the name Yellow River) due to the fertile loess sediments carried by the river through the Loess Plateau in central-northern China. The Zhu Jiang (Pearl River, 2,200 km, with a basin area of 409,000 sq km) is formed by three rivers: Xi Jiang, and Jiang Bei Dong Jiang, the Jiang Xi (Sikiang) is the most important, originating in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, and after crossing Canton, empties in the South China Sea between Hong Kong and Macau. The Amur (Heilong Jiang, 4,416 km in length, with a basin area of 1,929,000 sq. km), is formed by the rivers Šilka and Argun and marks much of the northeastern border with Russia, empties in the Sea of Okhotsk. Among other rivers, originating in Chinese territory several large Asian rivers like Brahmaputra, Ganges, Salween, Indus and Mekong. In eastern China the Grand Canal 1800 km long in the north-south direction, is the most extensive system of waterways of the world, it connects Beijing with Hangzhou. Among the salty lakes is Qinghai Lake (4400 sq km), the largest lake in the country, located in the province of Qinghai in the north-eastern Tibet Plateau. 

The Chinese economy is among the economies that at more rapid growth in recent years, China today is the greatest power in Asia and one of the major economic powers of the world. The Chinese agriculture produces a large quantity of cereals (rice, wheat, corn, rye, barley, sorghum), potatoes, cassava, soybeans, tomatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, cotton, apples, pears, peaches, oranges, bananas, lemons, tea. Among the products which China is the main producer in the world are: rice, wheat, cotton and silk natural. Important resources are breeding (cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, cultivation of silk), fisheries, China is the largest producer of fish in the world, and forests. Fish and rice are the basis of Chinese food. Significant and various are the mineral resources, the richest areas are the southern Manchuria and the southern mountainous areas of the country. Among the subsoil products which China is the first producer in the world are: coal, tin, antimony, tungsten, iron. Other important products are excerpts: oil, natural gas, uranium, hematite, aluminum, bauxite, magnesite, salt, talc, mica, quartz, molybdenum, mercury, manganese, lead, zinc, copper and silica. As for the industry, are very developed areas textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, petrochemical, metallurgical, mechanical and food. Tourism is another sector in expansion.