Bulgaria (Republika Balgarija) is a Parliamentary Republic, situated in Southeastern Europe, borders with Romania to the north, with Greece and Turkey to the south, with Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, as well as the Black Sea, which makes up its entire eastern border. It makes part of the European Union. The northern part of the country, comprised between the Danube river, that marks for great part the border with Romania, and the Balkan Mountains, is formed from a large flat land intensely cultivated. More to south, between the southern sidi of the Balkans and the group of the Rodope, is found a large plain covered from the Marica river.

The Bulgaria mountains are represented from the Balkan Mountains (in Bulgarian Stara Planina) that it extends from west to east until the Black Sea, the highest peak exceed 2,000 meters, the maximum summit the Botev, reach 2,376 meters. Towards south are two alpine ranges, the Rila and Pirin, and further east stand the lower but more extensive Rhodope Mountains. Rila mountain includes the highest peak of the Balkan Peninsula, peak Musala at 2,925 meters.  

Between the rivers the Danube, marks for approximately 400 km the northern border of the country, it receives from the Balkans several tributaries, between which the Vit, the Jantra and the Iskar. The river basin of the Marica extends one fifth of the entire Bulgarian territory, that it crosses for beyond 300 km.