Manama
(Bahrain Island): Remains of Qal’ At Al-Bahrain (16th c.) or Portuguese
Fort. The fort consists of three huge strongholds and the remnants of two towers in the
middle and full walls linking the three strongholds together. It is surrounded by a
trench.
It lies on the northern coast of the island, in the most western point of an open gulf
close to the city of Manama. Muharraq island: Abu Mahir Fort or Qal'at Abu Mahir (16th c.): a little
fort on the SW side of Muharraq island. Portuguese Fort, Qal'at Arad (16th c.):
beautifully restored Portuguese Fort. It takes the shape of a square fort, and in each
corner there is a control tower. The fort is surrounded by a fortification which is a
trench fed with water through a well dug in the middle of the trench.
BANGLADESH Portuguese surnames.
BURMAPeople of Portuguese descent called
"Bayingys", they are Catholics and still live scattered in 13 villages in
Sagaing Division in Upper Burma.
Goa: language, Eurasian Community,
Portuguese surnames, religion. Velha Goa: Cathedral or Sé Cathedral de Santa Caterina (1562), Church
and Convent of Sao Francisco de Asis (1661), Chapel of Santa Caterina (1552), Church and
Monastery of S. Cajetan (1655-1661), Arco of Viceroy, Basilica do Bom Jesus (1594-1605),
Church of Blessed Virgem do Rosario (1544-1549), Church and Convent of Santa Monica
(1606-1627), ruins of Augustinian Church and Monastery (1602), Church of Cruz dos Milagres
(1671), ruins of Church and College of St. Paul (1541-1543). Sinquerim (Goa): Church of Sao Lourenço (1630). Talaulim (Goa): Church of Santa Ana (1695). Curtorim (Goa): Church of St. Alex (1597). Betim (Goa): Reis Magos Church (1771). Chapora (Goa): fort (1617). Mapusa (Goa): Church of Our Lady of Miracles (1674). Aldona (Goa): Church of St. Thomas (1596). Moira (Goa): Church of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception (1636). Panjim (Goa): Historic town, Church of Imaculada Conception (1600s.). Aguada (Goa): Fort Aguada (1604 -1612). Reis Magos (Goa): Fort Reis Magos. Tiracol (Goa): Fort Tiracol (1745). Cabo da (de) Rama (South Goa): Fort Cabo de Rama (1763). The Cabo de Rama Fort includes a small church of Santo Antonio in excellent
condition. For this info my
thanks to Kiros Kokkas. Dona Paula (Goa): Cabo Fort, Cabo Palace.
Famous
colonial houses of Goa:
Chandor(Goa): Menezes –Braganza house, Pereira -Braganza house,
Sara Fernandes house.
Loutolim (Goa): Miranda house, Salvador Costa house, Roque Caetan Miranda
house, Figueiredo de Albuquerque house (3 kms north of Loutolim).
Majorda (Goa): Piedade Costa house.
Betalbatim (Goa): Wilfrido Antão house.
Cansaulim-Velsao (Goa): Roldão de Souza house (also Maison Rodesa).
Margão
(Goa): The house of
the Seven Gables and many houses around the Chuch of Espirito Santo (Largo da Igreja). The
(usually locked) N.S de Piedade stands on a hill overlooking Margão.
Corjuem (North Goa): Fort.
Alorna (North Goa): Fort.
Candolim (North Goa): Casa dos Monteiros, Casa dos Costa-Frias.
Calangute (North Goa): Casa dos Proença, Casa Braganza.
Pernem
(North
Goa): Deshprabhu house (or Sitaram Vilas, or The
Viscount’s Palace).
For these info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas. Anjediva island (Kanara): ruins of Fort of Nossa Senhora das Brotas, old
Portuguese "caserma" or barracks, standing now without the roof, Church of Our
Lady of Brotas (Nossa Senhora das Brotas 1729). Diu: fortress (1535), forte do Mar or Panikot, church of Sao Paulo
(1610), Church of Sao Thomé, Church of S. Francisco de Asis, Old Hospital, several
chapels, language. Simbor (25 Km. East of Diu): Forte de Santo António de Simbor.
For this info my thanks to Antonio Vazquez.
Diu, Church of Sao Paulo.
Damao: The DamangangaRiver divides the town in Small
(“Nani”) and Big (“Moti”) Damão. There is a Portuguese fort on each
side of the estuary. Forte de
São Jeronimos (or Nani Daman Fort) has an impressive arched entrance and the church of N.S. do Mar inside.
Moti
Daman Fort. It is much bigger than the Forte de São Jeronimos,
with more robust walls and stands on the opposite bank of the river. Inside it are the
Catedral da Sé (Bom Jesus), the Church of N.S.
do Rosario and in the western part of the fort are found the ruins of a Dominican
monastery. In the center of Nani Daman town (the part of the town north to the
Damanganga), on the Seaface Road stands a Portuguese covered Mercado Municipal. For this info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas. Dadra: Portuguese church: Missâo de Sâo Francisco.
For this info my thanks to
Antonio Vazquez. Silvassa (Nagar Haveli): Portuguese church: Igreja de Nossa Senhora
da Piedade.
For this info my thanks to
Antonio Vazquez. Dahanu: fort Chinchani (near Tarapur): traces of a bastion. Tarapur: fort, Portuguese Coat of Arms and inscription dated 1593. Mahim: fort, well preserved. Quelme (Kelve): a few ruins of the fort with a bastion. Ilhas das Vaccas (Arnala): fort, well preserved. Baçaim (Vasai): fortified town ruins, town walls (1550-1582) with 10
bastions well preserved (ruins of : Nossa Senhora da Vida (1535), Franciscan Church and
Convent of Santo Antonio, Augustinian Church and Convent, Jesuits Church and Convent
(1561), Church and Convent of the Dominicans, Church Matriz of St. Jose (1546), Camara,
Senado, Chapel of St. John Baptist), fortress or citadel of Sao Sebastiao (1536-1539).
The Jesuit Church is currently (1/2007) under renovation and will soon be the first complete church
of Bassein.
(There
is a lot of confusion about the names of the ruined churches among the local population) Dharavi: ruins of the fort. Montpezir (Salsette island, near Bombay): ruins of a Jesuits Monastery
(16th c.) ?. Thana (near Bombay): St John Baptist church, situated at the north of
Masunda Talav ( popularly known as Talav Pali ). The church has a big bell ( 72 feet high
) which is believed to be the largest bell, amongst the remaing portuguese churches in the
country. There is also a huge cross on the church which has on its four corners, the years
encrypted AD 1609 & AD 1775. Fort ? Bandora (Bandra): St. Andrew's church, it's a church with
Portuguese-style facade. Caranja (Karanja): a few ruins of the fort. Chaul (Revdanda): fortified town ruins, town walls (1571-1582) (ruins of
: Church Matriz, Augustinian's Church and Convent, Franciscan's Church). Korlai: Morro fortress, language (in Korlai), Portuguese church
(Korlai). Cannanore: fort S. Angelo (1505).
Cochin: The so called
“DutchPalace” in Mattanchery was originally built by the Portuguese as a gift
to the Raja of Cochin. The Dutch made subsequent additions. No traces of the old walls
around Cochin remain.
Original
Portuguese churches stand in:
Mattanchery: N.S. da Vida ( built
before 1560, repairs 1596-1605) with some Manuelino style traits.
Mattanchery: Chapel of Holy Cross
(1550).
Edocochin:
São Lourenço (1504,
at 10 kms south of Cochin).
VypeenIsland:
N.S. da Esperança (1503, repairs in 1596-1605) with a façade in pure Manuelino style,
probably the only such building in India.
All of them are in excellent
condition. All other Portuguese churches in Cochin, including St. Francis and the Santa
Cruz Cathedral, have been rebuilt and are not the original constructions.
An octagonal, three stories-high Portuguese fort in excellent condition (Forte
Manuel) stands in Pallipuram (NorthVypeenIsland, 10 kms from Cochin). It is the first
European building in India from 1503.
For this info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas. Quilon: ruins of Thangasseri fort, Portuguese cemetery ?. Kanniyakumari: Church. Manapad: Holy Cross Church (1581). Kottar (Nagercoil): St.Xavier Church, it dates back to 16th century
dedicated to St.Francis Xavier.
Mylapore/Meliapor (a seaside suburb a few kms
south of the centre of Madras): N.S.
do Rosario built in 1635, in Kutcheri Road near the St. Thomas Cathedral (inside the
Franciscan Mission compound, opposite the Diocese building, also visible from the street).
On 156 Luz Church Road (the westwards
extension of Kutcheri Road) is the church of N.S. da Luz(Our Lady of Light,
locally pronounced “LazChurch”). It is thought to be the oldest
Portuguese church in Madras, built in 1516. Its founding is associated with a miracle:
Portuguese sailors in difficulties at sea were once guided to land by a light, which when
they tried to find its source, disappeared. The church dedicated to NS da Luz was erected
where the light left them. It is also locally known as the 'Kaatu kovil' (Church
located in a forest).
The 19th
century (1896) neo-gothic Cathedral of Saint Thomas was built by the British on the exact
site of the much smaller Portuguese church dedicated to the same saint. The Portuguese
church which in turn had replaced an older Nestorian Christian church, was built in 1523
over the tomb of St. Thomas; his relics are kept inside. It is a major pilgrimage site.
St. Francis Xavier is said to have lived some time there in an attached building. For this info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas.
St. Thomas Mount (11 kms south of
Madras, near the Madras airport): On the top of this hill is the church of N.S.
da Esperanca (Our Lady of Expectation), built by the Portuguese in 1523/1547, presently
(2007) under renovation. It has the Portuguese royal coat of arms over its entrance and a
wonderful retabulo behind the altar (which marks the spot St. Thomas was killed). A
painting of the Madonna and Child, also in the church, is credited to St. Luke. Inside the
church St. Thomas’ Cross is said to have bled in 1588 and 1704. The church is reached
by 134 steps marked at intervals with the fourteen stations of the Cross. At the beginning
of the steps, at the northern foot of the Mount is a gateway of four impressive arches surmounted by a cross bearing the
inscribed date 1547. For this info
my thanks to Kiros Kokkas.
Little Mount (8 kms
south from the centre of Madras): Near the modern, circular Church of Our Lady of
Good Health is the older Blessed Sacrament Chapel built by the Portuguese near the cave
that is believed to be the place where, in AD 72, the mortally wounded St. Thomas sought
refuge. Behind the church of Our Lady of Good Health is a natural spring. Tradition has it
that it was created when St. Thomas struck the rock, so the crowds that came to hear him
preach could drink. Little Mount has an ancient church (Resurrection) built by the
Portuguese in 1551. At the entrance is a portrait of St. Thomas and Portuguese
inscription. Halfway up the hill a shrine was constructed by the Portuguese in 1711. Of
this old Church, the chapel - the Blessed Sacrament Chapel - still stands intact. For this info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas. Madras: Portuguese Church of St. Assumption (1600/1640/1850). Pulicat: Church of Our Lady of Glory (1515). Diamond Harbour (48 Km. from Calcutta): ruins of a Portuguese fort ??? Bandel (near Calcutta): Portuguese monastery relics
INDONESIAPortuguese surnames, religion.
Kota
Ambon (Ambon): remains of fort Victoria (Nossa Senhora da Anunciada 1575),
Tombstone of "Capitao-mor" Sancho de Vasconcelos ?. Hitu (Ambon): foundations remains of Portuguese Fort ?
A large Catholic population attests to the Portuguese legacy. Bandaneira (Banda): foundations ruins of Portuguese fort (now called
Nassau) (1529).
One of the few Portuguese reminders is the metal ceremonial hat (shaped like the Iberian
soldier's helmet of the 16th century) worn during the kora kora war canoe races.
For this info my thanks to Glenn Sundeen. Lohajong, Lewohajon or Lewohajong (Solor): ruins of the Portuguese/Dutch
fort and several cannons. Ternate: ruins of Fort Kayuh Merah, ruins of Fort Kastella or Gammalamma
(Nuestra Señora del Rosario) a Portuguese/Spanish fort, Forts ruins. Tidore: Tahula: Spanish forts ruins. Rum: Spanish forts ruins. Matjan (Moluccas): Ruins of a Portuguese fort in Tabilolo (east part of the island). For this info my thanks to Londoh. Halmahera: there are reports of a small Tobelo clan called
"Moro" who are considered to be of Portuguese descent. Sidangoli: ruins of the old fort Portuguese/Dutch.
Gamhoku (near Tobelo): foundations of Portuguese fort (Difficult to see).
Jailolo: ruins of Portuguese/Spanish fort and canon in front of the Mesjid.
For this info my thanks to Londoh. Malbufa: ruins of a Portuguese (?) fort. Pulau Ende (Ende Minor, island just off the town of Ende, Flores): The
visible remains of the fort appear to be just one 'turret' of about three or four meters
diameter and very overgrown. For this info my thanks to Brian
Whitmey. Nggela (80 km from Ende): There is an old Portuguese canon. Larantuka (Flores): "Topasses" community, Confraternity of
"Reinja Rosari", there are old Portuguese bronze and silver known as
"Ornamento" in the chapel Tuan Maria, an old Portuguese font and a cannon. The
portuguese legacy is found in people's names and rituals. Sikka (Flores): In the Sikka area, there is a pocket of Portuguese
cultural influence which thrives to this day. The dance named Taja Bobu performed by
Portuguese settlers in the area 400 years ago is still performed today. Many of the people
of Sikka are descendants from the Portuguese and still ??? use that language. In the area
there is also a large monastery and a hospital (at Lela 4 Km. from Sikka) established by
the Portuguese. (according to an essays by Douglas Myers "Outside influences on the
music of Nusa Tenggara Timur") Vurek (Adonara): Portuguese church bell of Vure with a Portuguese
inscription (1714), Confraternity of "Irman", Portuguese fort ?. Namata (Sawu): There is a stone with a carving of a four-mast sailing
ship. Though the writing beneath has faded, villagers say this was drawn by the Portuguese
in 1864 ? 1684 ?. Kwandang (Sulawesi): ruins of fort Ota Mas Udangan (Dutch or
Portuguese?), ruins of fort Oranje (Dutch or Portuguese?) Gorontalo / Dembe hill
(Sulawesi): ruins of fort Otanaha: remains of three towers (Dutch or
Portuguese?). Kema (Sulawesi, Manado): Portuguese graves ?. Jakarta (Java): In the Museums there are: a Portuguese
"Padrao"(National Museum), a Portuguese church bell (1633)(National Museum), a
Portuguese-Malacca cannon (Kota Museum).]
IRAN
Hormuz:
a substantial part of the Portuguese fort still exist, its walls and towers, although
damaged, are still impressive, in particular the underground water cisterns. Qeshm: ruins of the fort.
Macao:
ruins of Sao Paulo’s church (1602), Citadel of Sao Paulo do Monte (17th c.), Portas
do Cerco (barrier gate) (1573), Guia Fortress (1637), Leal Senado (Municipal Council), Sao
Domingos church (17th c.), Sao Tiago Fortress (17th c.), Luis de Camoes Museum building
(1770), church of Sao Lourenço, church of Santo Agostinho, seminary church of Sao José. Coloane: Sao Francisco Xavier Chapel.
Macao,
facade of the Church of Sao Paulo.
MALAYSIA
Portuguese
Creole language Kristang (Malacca), Eurasian Community, Portuguese surnames, religion.
Malacca:
ruins of fortress "A Famosa" "Porta de Santiago" (1511), ruins of St.
Paul’s church (1521)with several Portuguese tombstones, Kristang language, Eurasian
community (Portuguese settlements), in the St. Peter's church there is a bell in the
belfry dated 1608 manufactured in Goa, India which was taken from one of the churches that
was burnt by the Dutch.]
St. Peter’s Church, erected by the Portuguese community (1710), this church has
similarities to the contemporary Portuguese architecture in Goa. It is a Portuguese
building of the Dutch period in Malacca.
MALDIVES
Hithadhoo
island: On the northern end of this large fertile island (second most populous in
the Maldives), is a pile of stones called the old Portuguese fort. The immediate area
around the stones is called Kotte.
For this info my thanks to Michael O'Shea.
OMAN
Muscat: Fort Jalali (1580s.), Fort
Mirani (1580s.). Mutrah: Fort Mutrah (1580s). Al Hazm: Portuguese cannons.
Bandar al Jissar (15 kms S.E. of Muscat):
Ruins of a small tower presumably built by the Portuguese to deter Ottoman Turks from
landing in Oman. For
this info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas. Barka: Fort (Portuguese ?). Bukha (Musandam peninsula): 16th century fort built by the Portuguese (?) Khasab (Musandam peninsula): fort and round Tower (1623). Sohar: Fort (Portuguese ?).
SAUDI ARABIA
Tarut
island: Tarut fort (16th. c.): a beautiful Portuguese fort.
SRI LANKA
Portuguese
Creole language, Eurasian community (Portuguese Burghers), Portuguese surnames (Perera,
Silva, Pieris) and Portuguse personal names (Pransisku=Francisco, Peduru=Pedro,
Juvan=Joao), Religion (Roman Catholicism), Music (baila), Portuguese titles (Sinno, Dona,
Don), dresses, food.
Batticaloa: Fort (1628).
Galle: the Portuguese were the first to build a circular fort around the city. The
Dutch rebuilt it (and it saved the city from the 2004 tsunami!). From the present
structure, the Zwart Bastion (Black Bastion, in the N.E point, inside the military
compound, off limits to civilians) is thought to be Portuguese built and is the oldest of
the FortBastions. Jaffna: The small Dutch church in the centre the fort was destroyed during the
civil war. The fort itself is left intact (occupied by military, off limits).
Kalpitya (50 kms from Puttalam, West Sri Lanka, on
the peninsula opposite to it):a Portuguese church in
very good condition near the market with a few Dutch and English tombstones in its floor.
Adjacent is a small European cemetery. Nearby lies a square fort in excellent condition,
overlooking the seashore (occupied by the military and therefore off limits). It was used
by the Dutch, but possibly is of Portuguese origin. In the middle of the abovementioned
peninsula, in Talawila is the Church of Saint
Ann was originally built by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The present day
church was built in late 19th century and has a statue of Jesus and a wooden
crucifix both from Portugal. It is an important pilgrimage site and great festivals are
held in March and July. MannarIsland: A star shaped Portuguese-Dutch fort (occupied by military, off limits).
Negombo:
The Dutch fort of Negombo is practically a reduction of the much greater Portuguese fort
that existed in the same area. Today only the main gate and a (much younger) Clock Tower
remain.
Ratnapura: Portuguese Stone Slab,
Church.
Sellankandal: (10 km inland from Puttalam)
A Portuguese regiment of soldiers from Mozambique settled in the village of Sellankandal
sometime in the 17th century. As late as the 1930s villagers spoke a Portuguese
dialect. Today people of mixed african decent live in the area.
Trincomale: Fort (1624).
*Velani (Kayts Islands): ruins of a Fort.
*Delft Island: ruins of a Fort.
*Jaffna: Fort (1560). Demolished ? in 1994 during the war between the Tamil
and the Sinhalese.
*Chankanai (Jaffna Peninsula): ruins of a Portuguese Church (1641). *Myliddi
(Jaffna Peninsula): ruins of a Portuguese Church. *Vaddukoddai (Jaffna
Peninsula): ruins of a Portuguese Church. *Atchuveli (Jaffna Peninsula): ruins
of Portuguese Church.
*Karisal (Mannar): ruins of a Portuguese Church. * The civil war between Sinhalese and Tamil, seems that has destroyed many of the
up quoted monuments.
For these info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas.
THAILAND
There is
still a very small Portuguese community in Bangkok that descended down from the Ayuthaya
period. Most of them married into Thai and changed their surnames to Thai but some
still use Portuguese. Such families are 'Na Silawan' (da Silva), 'Yesu' (de Jesus),
'Renangkul' (de Reina) and so on.
In Thailand there are also remains of an old (ruined) palace of a Prime Minister in
Lopburi that was built by Portuguese free soldiers around 1670s.
For this info my thanks to Pathorn Srikaranonda.
There is/was a nearly assimilated community of Portuguese -Thai in Pattanni, southern
Thailand. In 1973 they were distinguishable solely by physical characteristics and some
unique surnames. Within a generation or two they will thoroughly merged into the larger
Thai gene pool. Their language now is completely Thai, Pattanni Malay, and trade Chinese.
The legend is that they are the remains of a community left behind when the Portugese abandon their trading post at Pattanni.
For this info my thanks to Philip Abbey. Ayuthya: Campos Portugues
TIMOR LESTE
Portuguese language, Eurasian Community (Mestiços or Topasses),
Portuguese surnames. churches, forts, buildings, religion.
Ainaro:
A big church. Baguia: A fort from 1915. Balibo: A big fort on the top of the hill at the end of the city, with
low walls, well preserved. Locked. Batugade: A small, 1655, fort in the entrance of the village, with low
walls, well preserved, used by the military. Usually locked. Baucau: A huge, albeit abandoned, Mercado Municipal in the centre of the
city. Dili: the mid 20th century churches of Mortael and Balide. The
Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado in downtown. The deep-red Casa da Cultura de Timor by the
seaside in front of the Portuguese embassy, dates from the late 19th century. The former
governor’s palace (newly wonderfully restored) 5 kms to the south of the centre, on
the way to Maubisse. The beautifully restored, but locked, Mercado Municipal. Laga: An old, crumbling Portuguese fort, with two round towers. Laleia: A beautiful, pale pink church with two bell towers. Lautem: The easternmost fort of the Portuguese empire stands at the
Baucau-side entrance on the town. Tall walls with a small tower. Not very well preserved,
full of thorn bushes. Manauto: An ochre-painted church in traditional Portuguese style. Maubara: A big fort by the seaside next to the main highway, with low
walls in good condition with and a few cannons. It is inhabited by a policeman-guard, who
is the only person who has the keys. If he is gone, there is no way to see the interior. Maubisse: an old Portuguese castle used to stand on the hilltop where the
“Pousada de Maubisse” guesthouse now stands. There is very little left of the
original structure (lower part of the walls). Venilale: The elegant “Escola do Reino de Venilale”, is newly
restored and painted with lively colours.] Oecussi enclave: Pantemakassar: Fatusuba castle overlooks the town. Well preserved with
massive walls and a few buildings inside. For these info my thanks to Kiros Kokkas.
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Dibba
Hisn (Doba): ruins of the fort (Portuguese?) Badiyah (Libedia?): ruins (poorly preserved remains) of the Portuguese
fort recently excavated by an Australian expedition. Kalba: Portuguese fort restored recently. Khor Fakkan (Corfacao): fort (Portuguese?)
OCEANIA
AUSTRALIA
Bittangabee
Bay (south of Eden on the southern coast of New South Wales, in the Kanangra-Boyd
National Park):
There are the remains of an old stone structure.
There are ruined walls of about 33mx33m built from rough boulders, and the remains of a
smaller internal building built from worked stone.
Above the lintel on what was a gateway to this inner blockhouse is carved the date 15?4.
the third figure is worn away but if it was a 2 then it would tie in with the known
presence in that area of Cristovao de Mendonca's caravels.
IS IT
PORTUGUESE ?
For this info my thanks to Bob Hay.
If you know or you have photos of Portuguese colonial remain around
the world, let me know, I'll add it to the list.
Thank you. Marco.
