An interesting study has just been published regarding the latest Spanish presence in the Maluku Islands, it is the paper entitled “1677: el Fuerte de Santa Rosa en la isla de Siau, última presencia española en Indonesia”. The document is written by three leading researchers of the Spanish presence in the Maluku Islands: Antonio Campo […]
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I am passionate about history, especially the history of geographical explorations and colonialism.
Written by Marco Ramerini – 2021 In 1618, three very bright comets were visible in Europe in the space of a few months. A very rare event, which we approached in 1996-1997 with the two spectacular end-of-the-century comets: Hyakutake and the even more spectacular Hale-Bopp, which was visible to the naked eye for 18 months. […]
Written by Marco Ramerini. English text revision by Dietrich Köster. Ternate, Terrenate, Thernate, Gamolamo, Ciudad del Rosario (or Rrosario), Gamma Lamma1 : (Current name: Kastela, Benteng Kastela o Kastella) (Under Spanish control: 1 April 1606-1663) The Spanish city of Ternate was in the southern part of the island, in the place now called Kastela, where, […]
Written by Marco Ramerini. English text revision by Dietrich Köster. San Pedro, Sant Pedro, Fuerza Nueva: (1606/1610-1663) benteng Santo Pedro (Kastella) Among the defenses of the Spanish city of Ternate: Ciudad del Rosario. There was also a fort set on a hill in the surroundings of the city. This fort was called San Pedro. It […]
Written by Marco Ramerini, 2005-2021 (English translation: 2023) General index THE FAILED EXPEDITIONS TO ALGIERS 3 FIRST EXPEDITION TO ALGIERS 4 SECOND EXPEDITION TO ALGIERS 9 THE MOLUCCAS 10 THE CONQUIST OF TERNATE AND THE MOLUCCAS 10 THE EXPEDITION TO MALACCA 15 THE PHILIPPINES 18 THE YUCATAN 20 FIRST TERM OF GOVERNOR 20 SECOND TERM […]
Written by Marco Ramerini, 2005 (English edition: 2023) In this text I describe the information I have gathered over the years regarding the Spanish outposts in the peripheral islands of the Moluccas, therefore excluding the islands of Ternate and Tidore. Spanish control, in fact, was not limited only to the two main islands of Tidore […]
Written by: Francisco Soarez Patifransisco78@gmail.com One of the three reasons why the Portuguese survived in Flores and its surroundings for 347 years (1512-1859) even though the region did not have cloves, nutmeg and others like Molucas was because of the many volcanoes in Flores from the east end to the center. Volcanoes or what they […]
Written by Marco Ramerini – 2021 (English translation: 2023) General Index AROUND EUROPE p. 3 ARAGON, ITALY, FRANCE p. 3 FLANDERS, FRISIA, GELDRIA… p. 4 THE RETURN TO SPAIN p. 7 IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THE MOLUCCAS p. 10 THE CONQUEST OF TERNATE p. 10 THE FIRST BATTLE OF PLAYA HONDA p. 11 PERMANENCE IN […]
Written by Marco Ramerini. English text revision by Dietrich Köster. 1.0 INTRODUCTION This research aims to want to shed light on an aspect of the history of the Moluccas islands that is still largely unexplored. Its purpose is to trace through the study of manuscripts and other documents a preliminary framework of the fortifications, the […]
Written by Marco Ramerini – 2000-2007/2023 2 – THE EXPEDITIONS OF MAGELLAN AND VILLALOBOS: THE FIRST SPANISH CONTACTS WITH THE ISLAND OF TIDORE AND THE FIRST SPANISH FORT In the first half of the sixteenth century, upon the arrival of the Europeans, two main kingdoms competed for control of the Moluccas islands, they were the […]
Written by Marco Ramerini – 2000-2007/2023 3 – THE SPANISH EXPEDITIONS TO THE MOLUCCAS AFTER THE UNION WITH PORTUGAL The first period of interest of the Spaniards in the Moluccas, i.e. the one concerning the years 1521-1606, can be divided into two distinct parts: the first part was that, to which we have already mentioned, […]
Written by Marco Ramerini. English text revision by Dietrich Köster. 4.0 THE SPANISH FORTS ON THE ISLAND OF TIDORE, 1606-1663 As we mentioned earlier, from April 1606 after the conquest by the troops of Acuña of the city of Ternate, the Spaniards had, in the Moluccas, as their main and often the only ally the King […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 5 – DEFENSES OF THE CITY OF THE KING The centerpiece of Tidore’s defenses were the fortifications of the island’s main city, which the Spanish called Lugar Grande del Rey. It was located on the southeast coast of the island, where today is the main city of Tidore, Soa Siu. […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 5.2 – FUERTE DE LOS PORTUGUESES Fuerte de los Portuguéses (Fortaleza dos Reis Magos): (Current name: ?) CHRONOLOGY: Portuguese: January 6, 1578 – May 19, 1605 Captured by the Dutch on 19 May 1605 then abandoned. Spanish: c.1609 – 9 July 1613 Dutch: 9 July 1613- August/November (?) 1613 This […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 5.3 – SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS (TOHULA) Tohula1, Santiago de los Caballeros2, Sanctiago de los Caualleros3, Tahula, Taula, Thaula Olandese: Tahoela4, Tahoelo5, Tahoele6: (Current name: Benteng Tohula) CHRONOLOGY: Spanish: The construction of this fortress was begun by Azcqueta, in 1610, the works were resumed more intensely starting from 1613, it […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 5.4 – SOKANORA Sokanora, Socanora1, Sokanosa, Saconora2, Zoconora3: (Current name: ?) CHRONOLOGY: Spanish: 1613-c.1620 (?) Socanora, was a village located on the coast to south of the city of the king of Tidore (‘Lugar Grande‘). Here the Spanish maintained a small fortified post for some years. We already have a […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 6 – WEST COAST AND NORTH COAST OF THE ISLAND On the western coast of Tidore the Spanish had garrisons in the localities of Marieco, Rume, Tomañira (which was almost certainly the same fort sometimes also called Marieco el Chico) and finally in the extreme northern tip at Chobo. This […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 6.2 – MARIECO EL CHICO OR TOMANIRA Spanish: Marieco el Chico: Dutch: Kleine Marieko, Spaens Mariecque. This fort was built by Geronimo de Silva in 1613, after the loss of Marieco (Marieco el Grande), and was located half a league from Marieco. After the conquest of Marieco by the Dutch, […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 6.3 – CHOBO Spanish: Cubo1, Sobo2, Chobo3, Chovo4, Cobo, Tjobo, San(t) Joseph de Chouo5: (Current name: Cobo) CHRONOLOGY: Spanish: 1643 ? –1661 ? o 1662 ? Dutch: Chiobbe6, T’Siobbo7, Siobbo8, Ziobbo9, Tsiobbe10, t’Siobbe11, Sjobbo12, Sjobbe13 Spanish garrison located on the extreme northern offshoot of the island of Tidore, called by the […]
Written by Marco Ramerini 2000-2007/2023 6.4 – RUME Spanish: Rume, Rum, Rumen1, El Rume, San Lucas de el Rume, San Lucas del Rumen2: (Current name: Rum) CHRONOLOGY: Spanish: November 1618-May/June 1663 Dutch: Roemy3, Roumy4, Romi5, Roumi6, Roemij7, Roumij8, Roemi, Romy9 A mention of the port of Rume was already made in 1585 in the report […]